任何与生态过程相协调，尽量使其对环境的破坏影响达到最小的设计形式都称为生态设计。现代景观的生态设计反映了人类的一个新的梦想，一种新的美学观和价值观：人与自然的真正的合作与友爱的关系。在理论和实践上包括：地方性，保护与节约自然资本，让自然做功，和显露自然等几条基本原理。自然辨证法是关于自然界和科学技术发展的一般规律以及人类认识自然和改造自然的一般方法的科学，其研究目的就是为了合理地处理人与自然的矛盾。景观设计作为协调人与自然关系的实践活动，必然要遵循自然辨证法。系统观、辨证观和科学观组成了自然辨证法理论体系，本文从这三个方面对景观设计进行哲学的思考，以启迪思维，开阔思路。
关键字：生态设计；景观设计；自然辨证法；系统观；辨证观；科学技术观

Landscape design need comply with The Nature Dialectic
WANG CUNBAO
（School of Architecture and Art, HeFei University of Technology, HeFei 230009, Anhui）


ABSTRACTION: Any design forms which can moderate with ecology and will make its destructive affect to the environment as least as possible, can be called ecological design. It is argued that ecological design of modern landscape reflected the mankind a new dream, a new ideology of aesthetic and value: The real cooperation and kind relationship between person and nature. In terms of practice and theory, it is include: locale, reservation and economy of natural capital, letting the nature fulfill its own function, and uncovering the nature etc. several basic principles. The Nature Dialectic is science concerning general laws of development of nature and science & technology, and general methods by which human could identify and reform the nature. The purpose of studying is to deal with the conflict rationally between human and the nature. Landscape design as an action of moderate the relationship between human and the nature must comply with the Nature Dialectic. System View, dialectic view and Science view constitute the theoretical system of the nature Dialectic. This paper will carries on the thinking of the philosophy to the landscape design from these three aspects, to inspire the thinking, to broaden way of thinking.
KEY WORDS: ecology design, landscape design, The Natural Dialectic, System View, Dialectic View, Science View

　　引言：

　　景观是人类的世界观、价值观、伦理道德的反映，是人类的爱和恨，欲望与梦想在大地上的投影。而景观设计是人们实现梦想的途径。农业时代人们对自然的敬畏和崇拜，不敢有违天地之格局与过程，便用心目中的宇宙模式来设计神圣的景观，以祈天赐福；中世纪的欧洲，神权高于一切，万能的上帝成为人类生活和设计的中心，因此有了以教堂为中心的城市和乡村布局形式。文艺复兴解放了人性和科学，因为有以人为中心和推崇理性分析的世界观和方法论，因此才有几何对称和图案化的理想城市模式和随后的巴洛克广场及园林设计，甚至于将自然几何化。工业革命带来了新的设计美学，机器成为万能的主宰，因此，才有了柯布西埃的快速城市模式，城市为机器而设计，并最终也变成了机器。

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